Aluminiyumu ni iki?
Amavuta ya aluminiyumu ni imiterere yimiti aho ibindi bintu byongewe kuri aluminiyumu yuzuye kugirango yongere imitungo yayo, cyane cyane kugirango yongere imbaraga. Ibi bindi bintu birimo ibyuma, silikoni, umuringa, magnesium, manganese na zinc kurwego rwahujwe bishobora kuba bigera kuri 15 ku ijana byumusemburo kuburemere. Amavuta ahabwa imibare ine, aho imibare yambere igaragaza icyiciro rusange, cyangwa urukurikirane, irangwa nibintu nyamukuru bivanga.
Aluminium Yera
1xxx Urukurikirane
Urutonde rwa 1xxx rugizwe na aluminium 99 ku ijana cyangwa ubuziranenge burenze. Uru ruhererekane rufite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, gukora neza, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro n amashanyarazi. Niyo mpamvu urukurikirane rwa 1xxx rusanzwe rukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza, cyangwa amashanyarazi, imirongo. Ibisanzwe bivangwa muri uru ruhererekane ni 1350, kubikoresha amashanyarazi, na 1100, kubikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo.
Ubushuhe bushobora kuvurwa
Amavuta amwe amwe akomezwa no gukemura ubushyuhe hanyuma bikazimya, cyangwa gukonja vuba. Kuvura ubushyuhe bifata ibyuma bikomeye, bivanze kandi bigashyuha ahantu runaka. Ibintu bivanze, byitwa solute, bigabanywa hamwe na aluminium ubishyira mubisubizo bihamye. Icyuma kizimya nyuma, cyangwa gikonjeshwa vuba, gikonjesha atome ya solute mu mwanya. Atome ikemuye rero ihuza hamwe imvura yagabanijwe neza. Ibi bibaho mubushyuhe bwicyumba bita gusaza bisanzwe cyangwa mugukora itanura ryubushyuhe buke bita gusaza artificiel.
2xxx Urukurikirane
Muri seriveri ya 2xxx, umuringa ukoreshwa nk'ihame rihuza ibintu kandi birashobora gushimangirwa cyane binyuze mu gukemura ubushyuhe. Iyi mvange ifite imbaraga nziza nimbaraga zikomeye, ariko ntizifite urwego rwo kurwanya ruswa yo mu kirere nkizindi nyinshi za aluminiyumu. Kubwibyo, ibyo bivangavanze mubisanzwe bishushanyije cyangwa byambitswe ibyo bintu. Mubisanzwe bambaye amavuta meza cyane cyangwa 6xxx yuruhererekane rwo kurwanya ruswa. Alloy 2024 yenda indege izwi cyane.
6xxx Urukurikirane
Urukurikirane rwa 6xxx rurahuzagurika, rushobora kuvurwa nubushyuhe, rukora cyane, rusudwa kandi rufite imbaraga zingana kandi zifatanije no kurwanya ruswa. Amavuta muri uru ruhererekane arimo silikoni na magnesium kugirango habeho silisiyumu ya magnesium muri alloy. Ibicuruzwa biva muri serie ya 6xxx nibyo byambere guhitamo kubwubatsi nuburyo bukoreshwa. Alloy 6061 niyo ikoreshwa cyane muri uru ruhererekane kandi ikoreshwa kenshi mu gikamyo no mu nyanja. Byongeye kandi, dosiye imwe yakozwe kuva 6xxx ikurikirana.
7xxx Urukurikirane
Zinc nicyo kintu cyibanze kivanga kuri uru ruhererekane, kandi iyo magnesium yongewemo muke, ibisubizo nibishobora kuvurwa nubushyuhe, imbaraga nyinshi cyane. Ibindi bintu nkumuringa na chromium nabyo birashobora kongerwaho muke. Amavuta azwi cyane ni 7050 na 7075, akoreshwa cyane mu nganda zindege.
Imiti idashobora gushyuha
Imiti idakoreshwa nubushyuhe ikomezwa no gukonja. Gukora ubukonje bibaho mugihe cyo kuzunguruka cyangwa guhimba kandi nigikorwa cyo "gukora" icyuma kugirango gikomere. Kurugero, iyo kuzunguza aluminiyumu kumanura yoroheje, birakomera. Ibi ni ukubera ko gukora bikonje byubaka dislocations hamwe nu mwanya wubatswe, hanyuma bikabuza kugenda kwa atome ugereranije. Ibi byongera imbaraga z'icyuma. Kuvanga ibintu nka magnesium byongera iyi ngaruka, bikavamo imbaraga nyinshi.
3xxx Urukurikirane
Manganese nikintu cyingenzi kivanga muri uru ruhererekane, akenshi hiyongereyeho magnesium nkeya. Nyamara, ijanisha rito gusa rya manganese rishobora kongerwaho neza muri aluminium. 3003 ni umusemburo uzwi cyane kubwintego rusange kuko ifite imbaraga ziciriritse kandi zikora neza kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mubisabwa nko guhanahana ubushyuhe nibikoresho byo guteka. Alloy 3004 nibihinduka byayo bikoreshwa mumibiri y'ibinyobwa bya aluminium.
4xxx Urukurikirane
4xxx yuruhererekane ruvanze na silicon, ishobora kongerwamo muburyo buhagije kugirango igabanye aho gushonga kwa aluminium, idatanga ubukana. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urukurikirane rwa 4xxx rutanga insinga nziza zo gusudira hamwe nudukingirizo twa brazing aho hakenewe ingingo yo gushonga. Alloy 4043 nimwe mubikoreshwa cyane byuzuza amavuta yo gusudira 6xxx yuruhererekane rwimikorere yimodoka.
5xxx Urukurikirane
Magnesium nicyo kintu cyibanze kivanga muri seriveri ya 5xxx kandi nikimwe mubintu bikora kandi bikoreshwa cyane kuri aluminium. Amavuta yo muri uru ruhererekane afite imbaraga ziciriritse kandi zifite imbaraga, kimwe no gusudira neza no kurwanya ruswa mu bidukikije byo mu nyanja. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amavuta ya aluminium-magnesium akoreshwa cyane mu kubaka no kubaka, ibigega byo kubikamo, imiyoboro y’ingutu hamwe n’ibisabwa mu nyanja. Ingero zisanzwe zikoreshwa mubisanzwe zirimo: 5052 muri elegitoroniki, 5083 mubisabwa mu nyanja, impapuro 5005 zashizwe mubikorwa byubwubatsi na 5182 bituma ibinyobwa bya aluminiyumu bishobora gupfuka.
