Ⅰ Ibyingenzi bikoreshwa mubice bya aluminiyumu
Gutera aluminiyumu yahindutse ibintu by'ingenzi mu nganda zigezweho kubera ubwinshi bwayo, imbaraga zidasanzwe, imikorere myiza ya casting, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Imirongo ikoreshwa irashobora gukusanyirizwa mubice bitanu bikurikira:
1. Umwanya wo gutwara abantu: intandaro nyamukuru ya revolution yoroheje
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga: Nka soko rinini ryo hepfo kumasoko ya aluminiyumu (bingana na 60%), ikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi ya moteri, amazu yohereza, ibiziga, hamwe nibikoresho bya chassis. Dufashe urugero rwa ADC12 nk'urugero, igipimo cyo kwinjira mu bice byacyo bipfa mu bikoresho bishya by'ibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga bitwara ingufu, imipira ya moteri, n'ibindi bice bikomeje kwiyongera, bigatuma aluminium ikoreshwa kuri buri kinyabiziga igana kuri 220kg.
Ikirere: Mu bice bigize indege (nk'ibiti by'amababa, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bigwa hasi) n'ibice bya moteri (nka turbine blade, casings), aluminiyumu ikomeye cyane (nka ZL205A) igera ku buringanire hagati y’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 400 ℃ no kurwanya umunaniro binyuze mu nzira yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa T7.
Inzira ya gari ya moshi: Ibice byingenzi nka gari ya moshi yihuta cyane na bokisi ya bokisi bikozwe muri ZL1101A, bigabanya kugabanya ibiro birenga 30% mugihe bitanga imbaraga.
2. Umwanya wa elegitoroniki nu mashanyarazi: inkunga ya tekiniki yo gukora neza
Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki 3C: Ikadiri yo hagati ya terefone igendanwa hamwe nigikonoshwa cya mudasobwa zigendanwa bikozwe mu bice bya ultra-thin aluminium alloy bipfa guterwa, kandi ZL402 alloy ni verisiyo yakozwe neza ifite uburebure bwurukuta rwa 0.5mm hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, mugihe byujuje ibisabwa byo gukingira amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi: ZL303 alloy ikoreshwa mugikonoshwa cyumuvuduko mwinshi woguhindura amashanyarazi hamwe nubushyuhe bwa transformateur, ibyo bikaba byerekana inyungu zidasanzwe mukubaka sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ku nkombe kubera kurwanya amazi yo mu nyanja.
3. Ibikoresho bya mashini yumurima: icyitegererezo cyimikorere yo kwambara no kurwanya ruswa
Imashini zikoreshwa mu nganda: Amazu agabanya kugabanya amazu akozwe muri eutectic Al Si alloy (nka ZL117), kandi tekinoroji ya silicon icyiciro cya spheroidisation iteza imbere imyambarire ya 40%, ikongerera igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho.
Imashini zubwubatsi: ZL104 alloy yatoranijwe kumubiri wa pompe hydraulic, valve base base nibindi bice, kandi bigerwaho hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe bwa T6 kugirango ugere kuri σ b ≥ 350MPa, bikwiranye nuburyo bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi.
4. Imyitozo mishya yo kubaka icyatsi murwego rwo kubaka inyandikorugero
Aluminium alloy formwork: Igipimo cya6061-T6impapuro zikoreshwa mu nyubako zateguwe zigera kuri 35%, kandi ibiranga gukoreshwa inshuro zirenga 200 bigabanya imyanda yo kubaka 90% ugereranije n’ibiti bikozwe mu giti, byujuje ibisabwa n’ingamba za “karuboni ebyiri”.
5. Ingabo z’igihugu n’inganda za gisirikare: Iterambere mu mikorere ikabije y’ibidukikije
Igice cya misile: ZL205A ikoreshwa rya T77 kugira ngo igumane ubushyuhe bwa dogere -54 ℃ kugeza kuri 150 ℃, kandi ikoreshwa mubice bigize imiterere ya misile.
Ibikoresho by'ubwato: moteri ya ZL305 ifite moteri irwanya ruswa iri munsi ya 0.03mm / mwaka mugihe cyo kwibiza mu nyanja, ikongerera igihe cyumurimo inshuro eshatu ugereranije n’umuringa gakondo.
Ibipimo by'isesengura n'ibipimo by'ingenzi bya aluminiyumu
Sisitemu yo gusuzuma imikorere
Imikorere yo gukina: Hamwe no gutembera (uburebure bwa spiral mm 500mm) nigipimo cyo kugabanuka kumurongo (≤ 1,2%) nkibipimo fatizo, Al Si alloy yabaye ihitamo ryambere ryo gupfa kubera inyungu za eutectic.
Ibikoresho bya mashini: Imbaraga zingana (σ b) no kurambura (δ) bigomba guhuza nibisabwa, nkibikoresho byumutekano wibinyabiziga bisaba σ b ≥ 250MPa na δ ≥ 3%.
Igisubizo cyo kuvura ubushyuhe: leta ya T6 ifite 15% -20% byongera imbaraga ugereranije na leta ya T5, ariko ibyago byo gukomera kumurimo bigomba kuringanizwa.
Gutanga no gusaba gusesengura urwego rwinganda
Uruhande rwibikoresho: Ibicuruzwa bitangwa na aluminiyumu bingana na 59%, ariko gutumizwa mu mahanga biracyahari (Maleziya na Tayilande n’ibihugu nyamukuru bikomoka), kandi hagomba kwitabwaho impinduka muri politiki y’ibiciro 760200090.
Umusaruro urangira: Igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu za aluminiyumu yongeye gukoreshwa ntikiri munsi ya 55%, naho igipimo cy’inganda CR10 ni 45% gusa. Ubushobozi bushya bwo kongera umusaruro muri Anhui, Guangdong nahandi bizasohoka muburyo bwibanze (biteganijwe ko hiyongeraho toni miliyoni 2.66 muri 2025).
Uruhande rw'abaguzi: Iterambere ry’ubwiyongere bw’ibisabwa mu rwego rw’imodoka rifitanye isano cyane n’umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu (hamwe na coefficient de la 0.82), mu gihe urwego rw’ubwubatsi rwibasiwe cyane na politiki yo gutanga ibicuruzwa byemewe.
Inzira y'ubwihindurize Inzira y'Ikoranabuhanga
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo gushonga: Uburyo bwo gutera inshinge (RGI) bugera kuri hydrogène ya ≤ 0.15ml / 100gAl, ikora neza 60% kuruta uburyo bwa bubble gakondo.
Gukora inyongeramusaruro: Ikoreshwa rya Laser Melting (SLM) ikora ituma inshuro imwe ibumbabumbwa ibice bigize imiterere igoye, byongera imikoreshereze yibikoresho kugeza hejuru ya 85%.
Ikoranabuhanga ryokwigana: Porogaramu ya ProCAST yigana imyumvire yo kugabanuka no kwidegembya, ikayobora uburyo bwiza bwo kongera umubare w’inyongeramusaruro wongeyeho, kandi igabanya igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa ku manota 2.3 ku ijana.
Abashoferi b'ibiciro ku isoko
Ibiciro: Ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu bingana na 90%, kandi ihindagurika ryibiciro bya aluminiyumu ya electrolytike itangwa binyuze muri A00 ya aluminium x igiciro cyo kugabanya. Amafaranga yo gutunganya ubu aracyari murwego 800-1200 yuan / toni.
Ubukemurampaka bwibiciro: Ikigereranyo cyo gusubira inyuma kiranga itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati ya ADC12 na A00 aluminium ni ngombwa. Iyo itandukaniro ryibiciro rirenze 2500 yuan / toni, ingaruka zo gusimbuza imyanda itunganijwe igaragara.
Ibarura ry'ibarura: Ikigereranyo cy'ibarura rusange n'imibare yo mu nzu (toni 15700 / toni 79000) kiri munsi y’amateka, kandi dukeneye kuba maso ku mpanuka nk'ingaruka z'isoko ryuzuza ibiciro.
Kureba icyerekezo cyiterambere ryinganda
Kuzamura imiterere y’ibisabwa: Ibisabwa ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu zipfa kwiyongera biziyongera kuri 24% CAGR, bigatuma umugabane w’isoko ry’imiti ya aluminiyumu itavurwa (nka CNC-F) urenga 30%.
Kwihutisha guhuza ikoranabuhanga: Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji mu buryo bwo gushonga byageze ku kugenzura neza ibice ± 0.05% n’umusaruro wa 92%.
Kwiyongera ku ngaruka za politiki: Nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo politiki ya “fagitire ihindagurika”, igiciro cy’imisoro y’imisoro y’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu mahanga biteganijwe ko kizagabanukaho amanota 1,2 ku ijana, biteza imbere irekurwa ry’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wujuje ibisabwa.
Ubu buryo bwo gusesengura bugaragaza ko inganda za aluminiyumu zivuye mu nganda ziva mu nganda gakondo zijya mu bice bitatu bishya bya “data process data”. Ibigo bigomba kubaka "gutanga ikiguzi cyo gutanga" imikorere ya mpandeshatu yicyuma kugirango ihangane nimpinduka ebyiri zimpinduramatwara nshya ninganda zubwenge.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, irekurwa ry’igipimo ngenderwaho cyo guta amasezerano ya aluminium alloy futures yaguzwe n’abacuruzi b’igihe kizaza cya Shanghai ku ya 9 Kamena ni ibisubizo byanze bikunze, bitagaragaza gusa iterambere ry’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rikorera ubukungu nyabwo, ariko kandi ryerekana ijwi ry’Ubushinwa ryiyongera muri gahunda y’ibiciro bya aluminium ku isi. Hamwe n’abakiriya b’inganda bitabiriye cyane, ubu bwoko buteganijwe kuba ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gupima ibiciro byibinyabiziga bishya byingufu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-11-2025