Batanu bakomeye ba aluminium muri Afrika

Afurika ni kamwe mu turere twinshi dutanga bauxite. Gineya, igihugu cya Afurika, nicyo gihugu kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ya bauxite kandi kiza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu musaruro wa bauxite. Ibindi bihugu bya Afrika bitanga bauxite harimo Gana, Kameruni, Mozambike, Cote d'Ivoire, nibindi.

Nubwo Afurika ifite bauxite nyinshi, aka karere karacyafite umusaruro wa aluminiyumu kubera amashanyarazi adasanzwe, bikabangamira ishoramari ry’imari no kuvugurura, ibibazo bya politiki bidahungabana, no kutagira umwuga. Hariho ibyuma byinshi bya aluminiyumu bikwirakwizwa ku mugabane wa Afurika, ariko ibyinshi muri byo ntibishobora kugera ku musaruro wabyo kandi ntibishobora gufata ingamba zo gufunga, nka Bayside Aluminium muri Afurika y'Epfo na Alscon muri Nijeriya. 

1. HILLSIDE Aluminium (Afurika y'Epfo)

Mu myaka irenga 20, HILLSIDE Aluminium yagize uruhare runini mu nganda za aluminium yepfo.

Uruganda rwa aluminiyumu ruherereye mu gace ka Richards Bay, mu Ntara ya KwaZulu, mu birometero 180 mu majyaruguru ya Durban, rutanga aluminiyumu y’ibanze yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Igice cyicyuma cyamazi gihabwa Isizinda Aluminium kugirango gishyigikire iterambere ryinganda zo munsi ya aluminium muri Afrika yepfo, naho Isizinda Aluminium itangaamasahani ya aluminiumkuri Hulamin, isosiyete yo mu karere ikora ibicuruzwa ku masoko yo mu gihugu no hanze.

Uruganda rukoresha cyane cyane alumina yatumijwe muri Worsley Alumina muri Ositaraliya kugirango itange aluminiyumu nziza. Hillside ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka hafi toni 720000, ikaba ari yo itanga umusaruro munini wa aluminiyumu mu majyepfo y’isi.

2. MOZAL Aluminium (Mozambike)

Mozambique ni igihugu cy’amajyepfo ya Afrika, kandi MOZAL Aluminum Company n’umukoresha w’inganda nini mu gihugu, atanga umusanzu ukomeye mu bukungu bwaho. Uruganda rwa aluminiyumu ruherereye mu birometero 20 gusa mu burengerazuba bwa Maputo, umurwa mukuru wa Mozambike.

Uruganda rukora ishoramari n’ishoramari rinini ry’abikorera mu gihugu ndetse n’ishoramari rya mbere rinini ry’amahanga mu mahanga ryinjije miliyari 2 z'amadolari, rifasha Mozambike kwiyubaka nyuma y'imvururu. 

South32 ifite imigabane 47,10% muri sosiyete ya Aluminium ya Mozambique, Mitsubishi Corporation Metals Holding GmbH ifite imigabane 25%, Isosiyete ishinzwe iterambere ry’inganda muri Afurika yepfo Limited ifite 24% by’imigabane, naho leta ya Repubulika ya Mozambike ifite 3,90% by’imigabane.

Umusaruro wambere wa buri mwaka wa smelter wari toni 250000, hanyuma waje kwagurwa kuva 2003 kugeza 2004. Ubu, niwo muti wa aluminiyumu nini muri Mozambike ndetse n’umwanya wa kabiri mu gukora aluminiyumu muri Afurika, ukaba usohoka buri mwaka hafi toni 580000. Ifite 30% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya Mozambique kandi ikoresha 45% by'amashanyarazi ya Mozambique.

MOZAL yatangiye kandi gutanga isoko rya mbere rya Mozambike ya aluminium yamanuka, kandi iterambere ry’inganda zo hasi rizamura ubukungu bwaho.

 3. EGIPITALUM (Egiputa)

Egyptalum iherereye mu birometero 100 mumajyaruguru yumujyi wa Luxor. Isosiyete ya Aluminium yo mu Misiri niyo ikora aluminiyumu nini mu Misiri kandi ni umwe mu bakora aluminiyumu nini muri Afurika, ifite umusaruro wa toni 320000 buri mwaka. Urugomero rwa Aswan rwahaye isosiyete amashanyarazi akenewe.

 Mu kwita cyane ku kwita ku bakozi n’abayobozi, ntahwema gukurikirana urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubuziranenge no kugendana n’iterambere ryose mu nganda za aluminium, Isosiyete ya Aluminium yo mu Misiri yabaye imwe mu masosiyete mpuzamahanga akomeye muri uru rwego. Bakorana umurava n'ubwitange, bigatuma sosiyete igana ku majyambere n'ubuyobozi.

Ku ya 25 Mutarama 2021, Minisitiri w’imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro, Hisham Tawfik, yatangaje ko guverinoma ya Misiri irimo gushyuha kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa imishinga igezweho yo muri Egiputa, isosiyete y’igihugu ya aluminium yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa EGX nk’inganda zo muri Egiputa (EGAL).

Tawfik yagize ati: “Biteganijwe ko umujyanama w’umushinga Bechtel ukomoka muri Amerika azarangiza ubushakashatsi bushoboka bw’umushinga bitarenze hagati ya 2021.

Isosiyete ya Aluminium yo mu Misiri ni ishami rya Metallurgical Industry Holding Company, kandi ibigo byombi biri mu bucuruzi rusange.

4. VALCO (Gana)

Uruganda rwa aluminiyumu ya VALCO muri Gana ni parike ya mbere y’inganda ku isi mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Ubushobozi bwa VALCO buteganijwe ni toni 200000 metric ya aluminium yibanze ku mwaka; Ariko, kuri ubu, isosiyete ikora 20% gusa, kandi kubaka ikigo kingana gutya nubushobozi byasaba ishoramari rya miliyari 1.2.

VALCO ni isosiyete idafite uruhare runini ifitwe na guverinoma ya Gana kandi ikomeje kugira uruhare runini mu bikorwa bya guverinoma yo guteza imbere inganda za Aluminiyumu (IAI). Ukoresheje VALCO nk'inkingi y'umushinga wa IAI, Gana irimo kwitegura kongerera agaciro agaciro kayo karenga miliyoni 700 yabitswe na bauxite muri Kibi na Nyinahin, itanga agaciro ka miliyoni zisaga 105 z'amadolari y'Amerika hamwe na miliyoni 2.3 z'akazi keza kandi karambye. Ubushakashatsi bushoboka bw’uruganda rwa VALCO rwemeza ko VALCO izahinduka inzira nyamukuru ya gahunda y’iterambere rya Gana n’inkingi nyayo y’inganda zuzuye za aluminium ya Gana.

Kugeza ubu VALCO ni imbaraga zikomeye mu nganda za aluminiyumu yo muri Gana binyuze mu gutanga ibyuma n’inyungu zijyanye nakazi. Byongeye kandi, umwanya wa VALCO urashobora kandi kuzuza iterambere ryateganijwe mu nganda za aluminiyumu yo muri Gana.

5. ALUCAM (Kameruni)

Alucam ni isosiyete ikora aluminium ikorera muri Kameruni. Yakozwe na P é chiney Ugine. Uruganda rukora inganda ruherereye ahitwa Ed é a, umurwa mukuru w’ishami ry’amazi rya Sanaga mu karere ka nyanja, ku birometero 67 uvuye Douala.

Ubushobozi bwa Alucam buri mwaka bugera ku 100000, ariko kubera amashanyarazi adasanzwe, ntabwo bwashoboye kugera ku ntego y’umusaruro.