Mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2026, igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa cyazamutse mu mezi atatu yikurikiranya, bihindura uko igihembwe cya mbere cyari kimeze. Nk’uko imibare ituruka mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda z’Ibyuma Bidakoresha Feri ibivuga, kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Gicurasi 2026, ingano y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa yari toni zigera ku 980000, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku mwaka bwa 8.5%. Amafaranga yoherezwa mu mahanga ni miliyari 4.2 z’amadolari y’Amerika, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku mwaka bwa 12.3%. Ubwiyongere bw’ingenzi buturuka ku isoko ryo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo n’urusobe rw’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi byo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, byose hamwe bitanga 72% by’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Kwihutisha ibikorwa remezo byo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya: Ingano nshya yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga hakoreshejwe aluminiyumu
Igipimo cy’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo by’ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu by’uburasirazuba bw’Aziya (ASEAN) cyitezweho kugera kuri miliyari 210 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2026, ubwiyongere bwa 15% buri mwaka. Kubaka umurwa mukuru mushya wa Indoneziya, Nusantara, byinjiye mu gihe cy’agahebuzo, aho hakenewe cyane aluminiyumu ikoresha inkuta z’amarido, inzugi n’amadirishya, ndetse n’ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu. Vietnam na Tayilande byihutishije ishyirwaho ryabyo rya photovoltaic, aho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya aluminiyumu bikoreshwa mu nkuta za photovoltaic byiyongeraho hejuru ya 40% buri mwaka. Imishinga yo gutwara gari ya moshi muri Maleziya na Filipine irimo gutangira cyane, kandi ingano y’amasoko ya aluminiyumu naimpapuro za aluminiyumubyariyongereye cyane. Isoko ry’Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba rishingiye cyane ku miterere ya aluminiyumu yo mu Bushinwa, ahanini bitewe n’ubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya aluminiyumu mu karere kugira ngo ihuze n’ibikenewe mu bikorwa remezo, kandi ibicuruzwa byo mu Bushinwa bifite inyungu zikomeye mu bijyanye no gukoresha neza ibiciro.
Kubara ibiciro bya karuboni bimanuka kugeza ku misoro ya EU: igitutu cy'ibiciro kiri hagati y'amayero 80-120 kuri toni
Uburyo bwo Gutunganya Umupaka wa Karuboni muri EU (CBAM) buzinjira mu cyiciro cy’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu mu 2026, kandi ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu bizaba biri mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’imisoro. Dukurikije imibare ya Komisiyo y’Uburayi, ubukana bw’imyuka ya karuboni ya aluminiyumu mu Bushinwa ni toni 14.5 za CO₂/toni ya aluminiyumu, ikaba iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije na toni 6 za CO₂/toni ya aluminiyumu ikorwa n’amashanyarazi yo mu gihugu muri EU. Hashingiwe ku giciro cya karuboni cya EU kingana na euro 85/toni ya CO₂, kohereza ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu by’Abashinwa muri EU bizahura n’ikiguzi cya karuboni kingana na euro 80~120/toni, bingana na yuan 620~930/toni muri yuan y’Abashinwa. Iki giciro nigitangwa byuzuye, bizagabanya cyane ipiganwa ry’ibiciro ry’ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu by’Abashinwa ku isoko ry’Uburayi. Bamwe mu baguzi b’i Burayi batangiye gusaba abatanga ibicuruzwa gutanga icyemezo cy’ibiciro bya karuboni, kandi igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu bifite karuboni nke kirimo kugaragara buhoro buhoro.
Inzira yo Guteza Imbere Ubucuruzi: Iterambere ry’Icyatsi, Iterambere rya Karuboni Nto, n’Iterambere ry’Imbaraga Nto
Bitewe n’igitutu cy’ibiciro bya karuboni, ibigo bitunganya aluminiyumu byo mu gihugu birimo kwihutisha imiterere y’ubushobozi bwo gukora karuboni ikomoka ku bidukikije n’igabanuka ry’ingufu. Uturere twa Yunnan, Sichuan n’utundi turere two mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’amajyepfo byishingikiriza ku ngufu nyinshi z’amazi kugira ngo biteze imbere cyane imishinga ya aluminiyumu ihuza ingufu z’amazi. Ingufu za karuboni zikomoka ku ngufu z’amazi zishobora kugabanuka zikagera munsi ya toni 8 za CO₂/toni ya aluminiyumu, zirenze 45% ugereranyije n’iza aluminiyumu ikoresha ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, inganda za aluminiyumu zikoreshwa mu kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi zinjiye mu gihe cy’iterambere, aho ingufu za karuboni zituruka kuri toni 1.5 gusa za CO₂ kuri toni ya aluminiyumu, bigaragaza inyungu nini za karuboni. Mu gice cya mbere cya 2026, umusaruro wa aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mu kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu gihugu uzaba toni miliyoni 7.8, ubwiyongere bwa 11.2% buri mwaka, bungana na 22% by’ingufu zose zitangwa na aluminiyumu. Ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bifite agaciro gakomeye nka aluminiyumu yo kongerera ingufu imodoka, aluminiyumu y’indege, n’urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu rukomeza kwiyongera, kandi imiterere y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga igenda irushaho kunozwa buhoro buhoro.
Ihiganwa ry'imbere mu gihugu: Kwagura ubushobozi inshuro ebyiri no gutandukanya abasaba
Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya aluminiyumu mu gihugu bukomeje kwiyongera. Mu gice cya mbere cya 2026, ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora aluminiyumu buzaba toni miliyoni 1.2 ku mwaka, kandi ubushobozi bwose bwo gukora buzarenga toni miliyoni 45 ku mwaka, mu gihe ikoreshwa rigaragara rizaba toni miliyoni 42 ku mwaka. Imiterere y'ubushobozi burenze urugero ntirahinduka. Guhangana byakomeje gutuma habaho igitutu gihoraho ku mafaranga yo gutunganya. Amafaranga yo gutunganya aluminiyumu asanzwe yagabanutse agera kuri 2500 ~ 3000 yuan / toni, kugabanukaho hafi 40% ugereranije n'aho yari ari hejuru mu 2020. Itandukaniro ry'inyungu z'ibigo riri kwiyongera, kandi isoko ry'ibigo binini bifite inyungu nke za karuboni, ibicuruzwa byiza cyane, n'imiterere myiza y'abakiriya rikomeje kwiyongera. Umwanya wo kubaho kw'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bitunganya urushaho kwiyongera.
Amabwiriza yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu mu mahanga yongeye kwiyongera mu mezi atatu yikurikiranya, bigaragaza ko hari iterambere rito mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byo hanze, aho ibikorwa remezo byo mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru ari byo bitera imbere cyane. Ariko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye ry’imisoro ya karuboni yo mu Burayi riri hafi, kandi guhangana n’ibicuruzwa bya karuboni nke bizaba ikintu cy’ingenzi kigena iherezo ry’ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Ibigo byo mu gihugu bitunganya aluminiyumu bigomba kwihutisha impinduka zabyo ku bidukikije n’ibikomoka kuri karuboni nke, kunoza imiterere y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kugira ngo bitazatsindwa mu ipiganwa mpuzamahanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2026